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41.
Carbonate deposits, which unconformably overlie the Palaeozoic bedrocks, extensively occur in the base of the Tertiary lake succession in the half‐graben Shulu Sag, central Hebei Province, North China. This study focuses on the basal carbonate successions on the hinged western slope. Based on seismic, borehole and core data, nine facies are identified in the carbonate successions, and are further grouped into five facies associations: mid‐proximal alluvial fan, distal alluvial fan, fan fringe, moderately deep lake and deep lake. The first two facies associations constitute alluvial fans formed by debrisflows at the edge of lake and are dominated by mounded‐ to lobate‐shaped, matrix‐ to clast‐supported carbonate rudstones with minor calcretes in the lowermost rudstone units and basinward increase in interfingering with lacustrine carbonate facies. The fan fringe, moderately deep lake and deep lake associations are dominated by pebbly carbonate arenites (or rare carbonate arenites), calcisiltite‐calcilutites, and varve‐like calcilutites, calcareous shales and oil shales, respectively. Widespread occurrences of fine‐grained limestone packages containing varve‐like organic‐rich laminations, minor authigenic glauconite and pyrite, and planktonic and plant fossils suggest a meromictic, anoxic deep lake under a semi‐humid to humid climate, probably with a connection to marine basins. Similarities in lithology and fossil assemblages (e.g. trilobites) of lithoclasts with those of the Mid‐Upper Cambro‐Ordovician bedrock carbonates suggest that the clastic and dissolved carbonate loads were sourced from this Lower Palaeozoic catchment, and shed off the surrounding highlands into the basin. These carbonate facies associations represent the lake lowstand and transgressive deposits of the basal third‐order sequence (Ia) in which the highstand deposits are composed of lacustrine siliciclastics. During the lake lowstand stage (or initiation of basin‐filling) under an intermediate climate, carbonate alluvial fans occurred mostly subaerially at the bottom of the hinged slope with a narrow, shallow lake zone basinwards, and locally were perched within the palaeovalley on the mid‐upper slope. During the transgressive (deepening) stage under a semi‐humid to humid climate, carbonate alluvial fans became smaller in size and episodically stepped backwards upon the slope, with greatly expanded and deepened lake. Nevertheless, the carbonate system was switched to an exclusively siliciclastic system during the highstand stage. The exhumation and erosion of the Mid‐Lower Cambrian bedrock dominated by siliciclastics was probably the cause due to further uplift of the drainage basin. All these facts indicate that the carbonate deposition in the Shulu Sag was mostly controlled by the interactions of tectonics, climate and provenance. 相似文献
42.
Detailed subsurface structure of the eastern Junggar Basin is investigated using a large number of high-resolution two-dimensional reflection seismic profiles and well data. Our results reveal thrust faults, some of which are with strike-slip component, and fault-related folds dominating the subsurface structure of the study area. The thrust faults mainly show a divergent pattern towards the west and convergence towards the east. We divide these thrust faults and folds into three structural systems. The north thrust system, located in the north of the study area, is characterized by top-to-the southwest imbricate thrusts initiated from late Paleozoic. The central transpression system, dominating the central study area, mainly consists of thrust faults with visible strike-slip component, active from early Mesozoic until Cretaceous. The South thrust system includes top-to-the southeast thrusts in the southern part of the study area. The existence of these structural systems indicates that the eastern Junggar Basin underwent obvious intracontinental deformation in Mesozoic, probably due to the continuous convergence between the Altay and the Tianshan orogens after the main collision-accretion processes of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. 相似文献
43.
频率域数值模拟是频率域全波形反演的基础,在地震波场数值模拟中占有重要地位.相对于时间域数值模拟,频率域数值模拟具有两个明显的优势:没有时间累计误差,适合于并行计算.然而,严重的数值频散和巨大的内存损耗是阻碍其应用的两大瓶颈.为解决这两个问题,基于有限差分方法,学者提出了多种差分格式,如优化9点、15点、17点以及25点差分格式.本文从频散关系、计算效率和存储量三个方面,对比、分析了以上四种差分方法.基于2D声波方程,通过在均匀模型、层状模型以及Marmousi模型上的应用效果,对每种方法的优缺点进行了总结,为高精度数值模拟和声波频率域全波形反演提供方法选择上的参考. 相似文献
44.
通过岩芯观察、镜下薄片、扫描电镜和X衍射分析等资料,对松辽盆地龙西地区泉四段砂岩的岩石学特征、成岩作用类型、成岩阶段划分和成岩共生序列及孔隙演化特征进行了研究。结果表明:龙西地区泉四段主要为长石质岩屑砂岩,局部为岩屑质长石砂岩;经历的主要成岩作用类型有压实作用、自生石英胶结作用、自生黏土矿物胶结作用、碳酸盐胶结作用、交代和溶蚀作用等;龙西地区泉四段砂岩为中成岩阶段A期,且细分为A1和A2亚期;随着成岩演化,压实和胶结作用使得原生孔隙减小,而溶蚀作用使得储层孔隙结构得到改善;孔隙类型由缩小粒间孔组成变为由缩小粒间孔和溶蚀粒间孔组合组成。 相似文献
45.
新疆西部巴楚地区晋宁期的洋岛火山岩 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
塔里木盆地中部有一条近东西向的重磁高异常带,火成岩露头仅见于西部的巴楚地区。采集25件晋宁期火山岩样品进行研究,地球化学特征表明岩石形成的大地构造背景为洋岛,且可清楚地区分出洋岛碱性玄武岩(亚速尔型洋岛)和洋岛拉斑玄武岩(夏威夷型洋岛),两者反映了洋盆发育的不同阶段。一件晋宁期超基性岩样品显示出岛弧岩浆岩的性质,与塔里木中部地区的闪长岩和花岗闪长岩应同为晋宁期岛弧的记录。它们可能指示一条横贯塔里木盆地中部的晋宁期古缝合线,原称的塔里木板块(克拉通)是由两个原先分隔的地块在晋宁运动时碰撞拼合而形成的,并成为罗迪尼亚超大陆的一部分。该古缝合线在震旦纪-中生代构造活动性较强,尤其是二叠纪-三叠纪的构造-岩浆事件规模较大。据此讨论了晋宁期构造-岩浆活动在认识基底形成、区域演化和油气勘探中的意义。 相似文献
46.
Reverse time migration is an advanced seismic migration imaging method. When the source wavefield and the receiver wavefield are cross-correlated, the cross-correlations of direct arrivals, backscattered waves and overturned waves will produce a lot of low-frequency noise, which will mask the final imaging results. Laplacian filtering, as a common method to suppress low-frequency noise, can adapt to any complex media, just adding a little computational cost. However, simple direct Laplacian filtering will destroy the characteristics of the useful signals. Therefore, the amplitude needs to be compensated before filtering when using the Laplacian filtering method. Zhang and Sun proposed an improved Laplacian filtering method and gave a simple calculation formula and explanation. This method can effectively suppress the low-frequency noise in reverse time migration while retaining the useful signal characteristics, but lacks detailed and strict mathematical derivation. Therefore, this paper gives a detailed and rigorous mathematical derivation of the amplitude-compensated Laplace filtering method from the point of view of amplitude-preserved filtering. The source wavelet is used instead of the source wavefield to compensate amplitude, just adding a little calculation cost. Finally, the amplitude-compensated Laplace filtering method is verified by two theoretical models and compared with the direct Laplacian filtering method. 相似文献
47.
陆地-大气和陆地-水体的碳输送与碳交换共同决定了陆地生态系统的碳平衡,但长期以来青藏高原水体由于缺乏有效的观测数据,导致青藏高原水体一直是全球碳循环研究中被忽视的碳汇功能区。本研究聚焦青藏高原水体,重新认知水体碳侵蚀与碳沉积对青藏高原固碳的重要作用,系统分析河湖库-大气间的碳运移与交换时空格局与驱动机制。通过归纳总结发现:(1)青藏高原河流岩石风化速率以及CO2消耗速率较高,强烈的侵蚀作用对地球系统吸收和平衡CO2浓度起着重要的调控作用;(2)青藏高原湖泊是内陆生态系统的重要碳库,12 ka以来湖泊沉积物碳储量约为73 kg C/m2;(3)青藏高原湖泊浮游植物和水生植物影响内陆水体C沉积,年均初级生产力达(553±36) mg C/(m2·d)。(4)青藏高原湖泊目前为“碳源”,碳排放量约为2.27 Tg C/a。此外,本文还阐明青藏高原水体碳源汇过程评估的不确定性,以及从方法学角度分析如何加强其水体的碳循环研究,厘清全球变化下青藏高原水体的碳源汇机制,并展望了青藏高原水体碳源汇功能未来研究所面临... 相似文献
48.
时移地震中新提出的多道观测系统重复性,逐一应用于面元,可以给出每个面元单一的观测系统重复性,形成对应叠后成像的地震道重复性的面分布,对于评估时移地震重复性具有重要意义.前人研究抽象了多道间观测系统重复性与单道间观测系统重复性的关系,给出了多道观测系统重复性的衡量方法及其理论依据.其理论中依赖了地震数据重复性与单道观测系统重复性的线性关系模型,而这一关系在单道观测系统重复性的有限范围内较为准确.针对这一问题,本文提出了X模式拟合的关系模型,与全范围的单道地震数据重复性随观测系统重复性的变化趋势更好地吻合,并采用对大单道观测系统重复性的向X节点的收缩,使原多道观测系统重复性的相应关系在整个数据范围内基本成立.基于实际数据的研究表现了该方法的数据分析结果的新特性和应用价值. 相似文献
49.
The tectonic inversion of the Songliao Basin during the Oligo–Miocene may have played an important role in controlling the development of sandstone-type uranium deposits (SUDs). Here we investigate drill holes along a southeast to northwest section in this basin based on apatite fission-track (AFT) and zircon fission-track (ZFT) techniques. We present 50 data from 15 deep boreholes at different depths between 665 and 3956 m and different structural units including grabens and horsts formed in the Early Cretaceous beneath the basin. The results of the effective AFT ages are 100 ± 11 to 2.3 ± 0.4 Ma (P(x2) > 5%) and ZFT ages are 97.5–20.4 Ma (including binomial peak ages). These results reveal that the basin underwent two distinct stages of rapid cooling after Late Cretaceous. In the first stage, during the Late Cretaceous–Early Paleogene (~80–50 Ma), tectonic uplift occurred in all of the structural units including grabens and horsts, which was marked by an unconformity between the latest Cretaceous Mingshui and the Eocene Yi'an formations. In the second stage, during the Oligo–Miocene (~40–10 Ma), tectonic uplift occurred mainly in the grabens but not in the horsts, corresponding with a few sediments of the Neogene Da'an and Taikang formations. We propose that the folds and the thrust faults mostly characterize in the second stage indicating a major tectonic inversion in the basin. The shifting of the two stages was probably in response to differences in the subduction angles and directions of motion of the Paleo-Pacific Plate from the southeast. Combined with previous information, it was demonstrated that most of the U mineralization ages are younger than 40 Ma, with a peak in the Miocene or later (<20 Ma). We thus propose that the SUDs have been redistributed and redeposited locally in successive stages during and after the Oligo–Miocene tectonic inversion. 相似文献
50.
琼东南盆地梅山组泥岩盖层封闭性综合评价 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
通过单井资料统计和沉积相研究,对琼东南盆地梅山组泥岩盖层进行宏观评价,认为盖层岩性以浅海—半深海相泥岩为主,主要发育于北部隆起带与中央坳陷带,侧向连续性好。其最大单层厚度、累积厚度以及含砂量等宏观参数显示,优质泥岩呈现沿北西—南东方向展布的特征。利用测井声波时差和实测岩石样本排替压力之间的关系,计算三亚组一段砂岩和梅山组泥岩的排替压力差,并进行微观评价,认为单井上排替压力差呈凸起高、凹陷低的特点。选取岩性、沉积环境、最大单层厚度、累积厚度、含砂量以及储层与盖层排替压力差作为参数,分别赋予相应的权值和权重,对泥岩盖层封闭性进行综合评价,认为梅山组泥岩盖层综合品质呈规律性变化,表现为北部坳陷低、中部隆起和中央坳陷高的特点,对三亚组发育于北部隆起带周缘的滨海相砂体和发育于中央坳陷带附近的浊积砂体起到了良好的封盖作用。 相似文献